A compilation of Blogger Blog widget customization.
The Blog gadget doesn't have settings for displaying last updated date, but the data is available in the lastUpdated property of the post data.
Example with d MMM YYY  date formatting:
<span> Last updated: </span>
<b:eval expr='data:post.lastUpdated format "d MMM YYY"' />The official 2nd gen Blogger template doesn't show the author profile photo. But it's available in the Blog widget data:
<!-- author -->
<data:post[i].author.name/>
<data:post[i].author.profileUrl/>
<data:post[i].author.authorPhoto.image/>The author profile link is only available if you choose to make your Blogger profile public.
By default, the maximum items displayed in multi-items views (homepage, archive, search) is 20. Blog admin can change this in the blog settings.
Let's say you want to display 10 posts on homepage, but 20 for any other pages. First, set the posts limit in blog settings to 10, then, update the older post link data in blog widget, like so:
<a expr:href='data:olderPageUrl params { max-results: 20 }' expr:title='data:messages.morePosts'>
    <data:messages.morePosts />
</a>Related post: Custom max-results in Blogger Homepage Older Page Link.
I wasn't able to summarize the other posts here, you may want to check any of these: